Periodic Fluctuations in the Numbers of Animals: Their Causes and Effects

THIS paper has involved the study of facts from many subjects both inside and outside the domain of biology, and I am much indebted to the following gentlemen, who have generously helped me in various ways : Mr G. M. B. Dobson for much valuable advice on meteorology and on methods of analysing curves ; Mr D. Brunt for allowing me to consult his unpublished work on periodicities in climate ; Professor H. H. Turner for advice on astrophysical questions; Dr T. G. Longstaff for notes on a mouse plague in England ; Dr S. Ekman for a list of Swedish lemming years ; Dr J. Grieg for notes on a lemming year in Norway; Mr P. Uvarov for help with literature on locusts. I wish to thank all these gentlemen, and also in particular Mr J. S. Huxley who has given me much invaluable advice and help during the preparation of the paper.